The South China Sea dispute challenges ASEAN’s unity, with fragmented responses undermining regional security. As ASEAN Chair in 2025, Malaysia has the opportunity to lead by revolutionising its “Total Defense” doctrine, empowering coastal communities for maritime intelligence and resilience. Elisa Shafiqah suggests an adoption of a transparent and community-driven strategy, where ASEAN can strengthen its credibility and act as a unified force in shaping Asia-Pacific security dynamics.
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“Grey zone tactics subtly shift the status quo, eroding ASEAN’s influence without provoking direct confrontation. This “creeping normalcy” exploits ASEAN’s reliance on quiet diplomacy, underscoring the urgent need for a new approach — one that is agile, united, and capable of addressing these evolving threats effectively.”